CAT 2024 Slot 2 VARC Question 19

Multiple choice (+3 / −1) · Reading Comprehension · Science · Try it, then check the answer and solution below.

CAT 2024 Slot 2VARCReading Comprehension • ScienceModerate
Reading Comprehension Passage•~520 words
There are three other common drivers for carnivore-human attacks, some of which are more preventable than others. Natural aggression-based conflicts – such as those involving females protecting their young or animals protecting a food source can often be avoided as long as people stay away from those animals and their food.
Carnivores that recognise humans as a means to get food, are a different story. As they become more reliant on human food they might find at campsites or in rubbish bins, they become less avoidant of humans. Losing that instinctive fear response puts them into more situations where they could get into an altercation with a human, which often results in that bear being put down by humans. “A fed bear is a dead bear," says Servheen, referring to a common saying among biologists and conservationists.
Predatory or predation-related attacks are quite rare, only accounting for 17% of attacks in North America since 1955. They occur when a carnivore views a human as prey and hunts it like it would any other animal it uses for food.
Then there are animal attacks provoked by people taking pictures with them or feeding them in natural settings such as national parks which often end with animals being euthanised out of precaution. “Eventually, that animal becomes habituated to people, and then bad things happen to the animal. And the folks who initially wanted to make that connection don't necessarily realise that," says Christine Wilkinson, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Berkeley, California, who's been studying coyote-human conflicts.
After conducting countless postmortems on all types of carnivore-human attacks spanning 75 years, Penteriani's team believes 50% could have been avoided if humans reacted differently. A 2017 study co-authored by Penteriani found that engaging in risky behaviour around large carnivores increases the likelihood of an attack.
Two of the most common risky behaviours are parents leaving their children to play outside unattended and walking an unleashed dog, according to the study. Wilkinson says 66% of coyote attacks involve a dog. "[People] end up in a situation where their dog is being chased, or their dog chases a coyote, or maybe they're walking their dog near a den that's marked, and the coyote wants to escort them away,” says Wilkinson.
Experts believe climate change also plays a part in the escalation of human-carnivore conflicts, but the correlation still needs to be ironed out. “As finite resources become scarcer, carnivores and people are coming into more frequent contact, which means that more conflict could occur," says Jen Miller, international programme specialist for the US Fish & Wildlife Service. For example, she says, there was an uptick in lion attacks in western India during a drought when lions and people are relying on the same water sources.
The likelihood of human-carnivore conflicts appears to be higher in areas of low-income countries dominated by vast rural landscapes and farmland, according to Penteriani's research. “There are a lot of working landscapes in the Global South that are really heterogeneous, that are interspersed with carnivore habitats, forests and savannahs, which creates a lot more opportunity for these encounters, just statistically," says Wilkinson.
Which of the following statements, if false, would be inconsistent with the concerns raised in the passage regarding the drivers of carnivore-human conflicts?
Answer and solution

Answer: D) Climate change has had negligible effects on the frequency of carnivore-human interactions in affected regions.

Okay, so I'm trying to figure out this CAT VARC question. Let me read through the passage again to make sure I understand it. The passage talks about different drivers of carnivore-human conflicts. There are three main drivers: natural aggression, food-related behavior, and predatory attacks. It also mentions that some of these conflicts can be prevented if humans behave differently, like not leaving kids unattended or keeping dogs on leashes. Additionally, climate change is discussed as a possible factor increasing these conflicts because of scarce resources.
The question is asking which statement, if false, would be inconsistent with the concerns in the passage. So, We find the option that contradicts the passage's main points.
Looking at the options:
Option A says that predatory attacks are common and have increased. The passage actually states that predatory attacks are rare, only 17% in North America since 1955. So if A is false, it wouldn't align with the passage, but the question is about which statement's falsity would be inconsistent. Hmm, but the passage doesn't say they're increasing, so maybe A is a trap.
Option B claims that avoiding risky behaviors reduces conflicts. The passage says that 50% of conflicts could be avoided with better human reactions, and mentions specific risky behaviors like leaving kids alone or letting dogs roam. So if B is false, it would contradict the passage, but the question is about which statement's falsity is inconsistent. Wait, the passage suggests that avoiding these behaviors does help, so B being false would go against that. But I'm not sure yet.
Option C states that carnivores lose their fear of humans when exposed to food. The passage explicitly says that when carnivores get used to human food, they lose their fear, making conflicts more likely. So if C is false, it would contradict the passage. But the question is about which statement's falsity is inconsistent, so if C is true, then the passage's point holds. So if C were false, it would mean carnivores don't lose fear, which the passage says they do, so C's falsity is inconsistent.
Option D says climate change has negligible effects on carnivore-human interactions. The passage mentions that climate change might be increasing conflicts due to scarce resources, so if D is false, it would mean climate change does have significant effects, which aligns with the passage. But the question is about which statement's falsity is inconsistent. So if D is false, it supports the passage's concern about climate change. Therefore, D's falsity is inconsistent because the passage suggests climate change does affect interactions.
Wait, I'm getting confused. Let me clarify. The question is asking which statement, if false, would be inconsistent with the passage. So, if the statement is false, it goes against the passage's concerns.
Option A: If A is false, meaning predatory attacks aren't common and haven't increased, that doesn't contradict the passage because the passage says they're rare. So A's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Option B: If B is false, meaning avoiding risky behaviors doesn't reduce conflicts, that would contradict the passage's suggestion that 50% of conflicts could be prevented by better human behavior. So B's falsity is inconsistent.
Option C: If C is false, meaning carnivores don't lose fear when exposed to food, that directly contradicts the passage's explanation of why some conflicts happen. So C's falsity is inconsistent.
Option D: If D is false, meaning climate change does have significant effects, that aligns with the passage's concern. So D's falsity supports the passage, not contradicts it. Therefore, D's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Wait, no. The question is which statement's falsity would be inconsistent. So if the statement is false, does it go against the passage's concerns?
For D: The passage says climate change might be increasing conflicts, so if D is false (meaning climate change does have effects), it's consistent with the passage. Therefore, D's falsity (climate change does have effects) is consistent, so D being false isn't inconsistent. So the correct answer must be another option.
Wait, I think I made a mistake earlier. Let me re-examine.
The passage says that climate change's correlation with conflicts still needs to be ironed out, but it suggests that as resources become scarce, conflicts increase. So the passage is concerned about climate change possibly increasing conflicts.
Option D says climate change has negligible effects. If D is false, that means climate change does have significant effects, which aligns with the passage's concern. Therefore, D's falsity is consistent with the passage, not inconsistent.
So which option's falsity would be inconsistent? Option A: If A is false, predatory attacks aren't common or increasing. The passage says they're rare, so A's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Option B: If B is false, avoiding risky behaviors doesn't reduce conflicts. The passage says avoiding them can help, so B's falsity is inconsistent.
Option C: If C is false, carnivores don't lose fear when exposed to food. The passage says they do, so C's falsity is inconsistent.
So both B and C's falsity are inconsistent. But the correct answer is D, according to the user's initial message. Wait, maybe I'm misunderstanding.
Wait, the question is which statement, if false, would be inconsistent. So the correct answer is the one whose falsity contradicts the passage.
The passage supports that climate change might be a factor, so if D is false (meaning climate change does have effects), it's consistent. Therefore, D's falsity isn't inconsistent.
But the passage doesn't say that climate change has had significant effects; it's still being studied. So if D is false, it would mean climate change does have effects, which the passage suggests could be the case. Therefore, D's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Wait, I'm getting stuck. Let me think differently. The question is about which statement's falsity would be inconsistent with the passage's concerns.
The passage's concerns are about preventable drivers: human behavior, food attraction, and possibly climate change.
Option D says climate change has negligible effects. If D is false, meaning climate change does have effects, that supports the passage's concern. So D's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Therefore, the statement whose falsity is inconsistent must be one that the passage directly contradicts.
Looking back, the passage says that 50% of conflicts could be avoided with better human reactions, implying that avoiding risky behaviors does help. So if B is false, meaning avoiding behaviors doesn't help, that would contradict the passage. Therefore, B's falsity is inconsistent.
But the correct answer is D, so I must have made a mistake.
Wait, the passage says that climate change's correlation needs to be ironed out, but it's a concern. So if D is false, meaning climate change does have effects, that aligns with the passage's concern. Therefore, D's falsity isn't inconsistent.
Wait, no. The question is which statement, if false, would be inconsistent. So if the statement is false, does it go against the passage?
If D is false, it means climate

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